Quote:
Originally Posted by Marko Loimaan-Aho
This sounds very reasonable.
I tried to find from the internet good instructions for crucifixion, but the only ones I found were Catlick Education Center and Trinity Evangelical Divinity School. I am sure those papists and luther-believers are doing something wrong, those instructions cannot be trusted.
I did not find any instructions made by True Christians. Is there any to be found? I am sure, our own specialists can do better, instructions which gets its justification from KJV.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus
I hate to use Wikapedia, the readers digest of history, but as there are many things to consider and that can be cited from the Bible {as one example see the Book of John 19:17-37 }
Method and manner
Whereas most Christians believe the
gibbet on which Jesus was executed was the traditional two-beamed cross, debate exists regarding the view that a single upright stake was used. The Greek and Latin words used in the earliest Christian writings are ambiguous. The
Koine Greek terms used in the New Testament are
stauros (σταυρός) and
xylon (ξύλον). The latter means wood (a live tree, timber or an object constructed of wood); in earlier forms of Greek, the former term meant an upright stake or pole, but in Koine Greek it was used also to mean a cross.
[129] The Latin word
crux was also applied to objects other than a cross.
[130]
However,
early Christians writers who speak of the shape of the particular gibbet on which Jesus died invariably describe it as having a cross-beam. For instance, the
Epistle of Barnabas, which was certainly earlier than 135,
[131] and may have been of the 1st century AD,
[132] the time when the gospel accounts of the death of Jesus were written, likened it to the letter T (the Greek letter
tau, which had the
numeric value of 300),
[133] and to the position assumed by
Moses in
Exodus 17:11–12.
[134] Justin Martyr (100–165) explicitly says the cross of Christ was of two-beam shape: "That lamb which was commanded to be wholly roasted was a symbol of the suffering of the cross which Christ would undergo. For the lamb, which is roasted, is roasted and dressed up in the form of the cross. For one spit is transfixed right through from the lower parts up to the head, and one across the back, to which are attached the legs of the lamb."
[135] Irenaeus, who died around the end of the 2nd century, speaks of the cross as having "five extremities, two in length, two in breadth, and one in the middle, on which [last] the person rests who is fixed by the nails."
[136] For other witnesses to how early Christians envisaged the shape of the gibbet used for Jesus, see
Dispute about Jesus' execution method.
The assumption of the use of a two-beamed cross does not determine the number of nails used in the crucifixion and some theories suggest three nails while others suggest four nails.
[137] However, throughout history larger numbers of nails have been hypothesized, at times as high as 14 nails.
[138] These variations are also present in the artistic depictions of the crucifixion.
[139] In the
Western Church, before the
Renaissance usually four nails would be depicted, with the feet side by side. After the Renaissance most depictions use three nails, with one foot placed on the other.
[139] Nails are almost always depicted in art, although
Romans sometimes just tied the victims to the cross.
[139] The tradition also carries to Christian
emblems, e.g. the
Jesuits use three nails under the
IHS monogram and a cross to symbolize the crucifixion.
[140]
The placing of the nails in the hands, or the wrists is also uncertain. Some theories suggest that the Greek word
cheir (χειρ) for hand includes the wrist and that the Romans were generally trained to place nails through
Destot's space (between the
capitate and
lunate bones) without fracturing any bones.
[141] Another theory suggests that the Greek word for hand also includes the forearm and that the nails were placed near the
radius and
ulna of the
forearm.
[142] Ropes may have also been used to fasten the hands in addition to the use of nails.
[143]
Another issue has been the use of a
hypopodium as a standing platform to support the feet, given that the hands may not have been able to support the weight. In the 17th century
Rasmus Bartholin considered a number of analytical scenarios of that topic.
[138] In the 20th century, forensic pathologist
Frederick Zugibe performed a number of crucifixion experiments by using ropes to hang human subjects at various angles and hand positions.
[142] His experiments support an angled suspension, and a two-beamed cross, and perhaps some form of foot support, given that in an
Aufbinden form of suspension from a straight stake (as used by the
Nazis in the
Dachau concentration camp during
World War II), death comes rather quickly.
[144]